
Totient Stairstep Sequences
Problem 337
Published on Saturday, 7th May 2011, 10:00 pm; Solved by 303Let {a1, a2,..., an} be an integer sequence of length n such that:
- a1 = 6
- for all 1
i < n : φ(ai) < φ(ai+1) < ai < ai+1 1
Let S(N) be the number of such sequences with an
N.
For example, S(10) = 4: {6}, {6, 8}, {6, 8, 9} and {6, 10}.
We can verify that S(100) = 482073668 and S(10 000) mod 108 = 73808307.
Find S(20 000 000) mod 108.
1 φ denotes Euler's totient function.